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    • Advanced fuels target (without crops) vs renewable transport target (with crops) in the RED

    One of the key areas of debate in the REDII proposal is whether to introduce a national transport target in addition to one for advanced fuels.

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    This briefing shows that the effect of a national transport target is to continue the support for food-based biofuels through the backdoor, going against their phase-out. This will also water down the greenhouse gas savings provided by the advanced fuels. Depending on the target levels and electricity multipliers, the contribution of food-based biofuels could grow, leading to further agricultural land expansion and direct and indirect land use change (ILUC).