Brexit risk to UK’s supply of electric and plug-in hybrid cars – analysis
Britain’s supply of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles could dry up after Brexit as carmakers will lose a strong incentive to sell low-emission vehicles there, a new report has found. The UK was the third largest market for zero emission vehicles in the EU last year, and the largest for plug-in hybrids. But as British sales of these cars will no longer count towards carmakers’ EU CO2 targets after Brexit, they may choose not to sell them in the UK at all, according to the analysis by sustainable transport group Transport & Environment (T&E).
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There are currently significant supply constraints in providing electric vehicles to the EU market.[1] Brexit could see other European countries being prioritised for electric vehicle deliveries as selling these cars in EU member states will count towards achieving their targets and avoiding fines. As a result, the UK will also struggle to meet its 4th carbon budget, which is already at serious risk of being missed due to rising transport emissions.[2]
It is a blow to the current government’s vision of a ‘Green Brexit’ and the forthcoming Road to Zero strategy that foresees the UK as a leader in the shift to zero emission mobility. It will also endanger the UK’s industrial strategy to become a leading producer of zero-emission vehicle technology – as carmakers are less likely to setup EV production in countries where they have a small market and less incentive to sell them.
Cécile Toubeau, better trade and regulation director at T&E, said:“The UK’s departure from the EU and the single market will mean that Britain will no longer count towards the overall targets for vehicle CO2 emissions. Carmakers may simply opt to dump their less efficient models in the UK market.”
Within the EU, Brexit should not have a significant impact on compliance with the 2020-2021 car CO2 emissions targets. T&E’s analysis, based on the European fleet average emissions excluding the UK, shows that there will be little to no impact compared to the overall EU-28 fleet average emissions. Jaguar-Land Rover would actually meet its CO2 target earlier as the vehicles it sells in the UK, which would no longer count, are higher emitting on average than its EU sales. Ford, Honda and Hyundai, which are already on track for late compliance, would see their CO2 compliance delayed by one year.
Cécile Toubeau concluded: “Let’s be clear, EU rules don’t change because the UK chooses to leave. Even with the UK departure, automakers will and must comply with the EU’s CO2 standards for new vehicles. The overall impact to individual companies will be limited.”
Meanwhile, a hard Brexit risks cars manufactured in Britain becoming 10% more expensive when sold abroad if they have to be traded under World Trade Organisation (WTO) tariffs. Vehicle components would be 4.5% more expensive. In turn, cars imported into the UK will also become more expensive due to WTO tariffs. This loss of competitiveness, along with the administrative burden and delays linked to increased customs checks, could be a strong incentive for relocating to the EU. That could cost up to 6,700 British auto workers their jobs – about one-tenth of the workforce currently employed by carmakers.
Note to editors:
[1] Transport & Environment (2018). Supply of chargers is not standing in way of EV sales, but car availability is
https://www.transportenvironment.org/news/supply-chargers-not-standing-way-ev-sales-car-availability
[2] Britain Will Probably Miss Its Carbon Emissions Targets, Committee Says
Read more:
T&E’s report: Brexit and cars – the impact of the UK departure on the European automotive sector