Portugal has included the last 600 kilometres of motorways in its toll system, which means that all the country’s motorways are now tolled for all vehicles.
There is talk of a system that allows companies that are located near motorways to have a few free trips per year and then a discount system, but this could well be challenged by Spain as discriminating against foreign road users.
Europe must stand firm over its future targets for carmakers as it cannot afford to fall further behind China.
A new briefing assesses carmakers’ implementation of the EU Batteries Regulation due diligence obligations.
A proposed reform will not deliver the necessary overhaul of EU state aid rules, say civil society, researchers and industry.