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Monitoring of bunker fuel consumption

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Monitoring of fuel consumption and GHG emissions from international shipping is currently under discussion at the EU level as well as at the IMO. There are several approaches to monitoring, each with different characteristics. Important differences exist with regards to the costs of the equipment, operational costs, the accuracy of the measurements, and the potential to monitor emissions of gases other than CO2. Moreover, some approaches offer more opportunities to improve the operational fuel-efficiency of ships and fit better to possible future policies than others.The following report discusses these approaches.

Shipping and aviation emissions in the context of a 2°C emission pathway

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The 1997 Kyoto Protocol tasked IMO and ICAO with limiting and reducing emissions from bunker fuels yet emissions continue to grow and are likely to double or triple by 2050. UNEP has developed emission reduction pathways for CO2 in order to keep global warming limited to the 2 degree increase target. This paper draws attention to recent subsequent work from Professor David Lee and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University which sets shipping and aviation emissions within this context.

Troubled Waters - How to protect the Arctic from the growing impact of shipping

As the decline of Arctic sea-ice continues, the prospect of an ice-free Arctic ocean in the near future draws closer. Arctic melting is seen by industry and some governments as an opportunity to develop human and exploitative activities in the region (oil and gas production, mining, shipping, tourism). But while Arctic melting is surely an effect of climate change, it is imperative that it does not become another cause of climate change. This vicious circle threatening the Arctic and the global ecosystems needs to be broken.

It's time to cut HFC emissions from shipping

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The European Commission should put in place measures to cut maritime hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions as part of its wider strategy to reduce greenhouse gases from shipping. This is the ask a coalition of environmental NGOs have put forward in a letter to the EU's Directorate General on Climate and Energy. HFCs are among the most damaging

Regulated Slow Steaming in Maritime Transport: An Assessment of Options, Costs and Benefits

This report studies the impacts of vessel speed on emissions, technical constraints and other experiences with regard to slow steaming and current speed regulations. Moreover, it analyses the legal feasibility of speed limits and feasibility of implementation, possible policy designs and the associated social costs and benefits of speed limits.

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