Road to 2030: how EU vehicle efficiency standards help member states meet climate targets

This paper attempts to quantify the challenge for EU member states in reducing transport emissions under the expected 2030 ‘effort sharing decision’ and the extent to which CO₂ standards for cars, vans and trucks can help achieve those targets.

In October 2014 EU heads of state decided on new targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Emissions under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) will have to fall by 43% from 2005 levels, and emissions outside the ETS – mainly transport, buildings and agriculture – by 30%. The latter target will be made legally binding on member states through a new so-called ‘effort sharing decision’ or ESD, for which the Commission will make a proposal in 2016.

Transport is currently the biggest ESD sector (34%) and the Commission assumes1 that without additional action, transport emissions will roughly remain constant until 2030. The ESD proposal provides a unique opportunity to align EU transport policies with climate goals. Combining the setting of emissions reduction targets – under the ESD – with actual measures to reduce emissions can increase support for both.

We defined three possible 2030 targets for GHG emissions from the transport sector: -20, -30 and – 40% compared with 2005 levels. We then calculated to what extent improved vehicle efficiency could help meet these three targets, both at EU and at national level. This assessment rests on a number of assumptions, explained in the methodology section, and is not an exact calculation. It does, however, make it very clear what the impacts are of mandating, or not, improved vehicle efficiency.