The main purpose of the analysis is to better understand the nature of the likely cost impact of Arctic HFO ban on Cruise industry and passenger ticket prices and in doing so, contribute to informed decision-making at the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). This study has analysed these costs for cruise industry using three summer 2018 trips of MS Rotterdam to the Arctic as case studies.
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UPDATE: The earlier version of this report contained a mistaken reference stating that the Arctic Council (AC) had called HFO “the most significant threat from ships to the Arctic environment”. The Arctic Council had in fact concluded that “the most significant threat from ships to the Arctic marine environment is the release of oil through accidental or illegal discharge…” This mistake has now been corrected in this report.
T&E Contribution to the European Commission’s Public Consultation on VAT Rules for Travel and Tourism Sectors
Priority must be placed on tackling bottlenecks in cross-border rail infrastructure and supporting domestic clean fuel production.
European shipping emissions jumped 13% in 2024 despite a downtick in trade, while emissions from moving fossil fuels around remain stubbornly high