• How European Big Oil has fuelled Putin’s war

    Crude oil purchases by Total, Shell and BP since Russia’s annexation of Crimea

    Since the annexation of Crimea by Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2014, three European oil majors (TotalEnergies, Shell and BP) directly purchased almost $100 billion worth of oil from Putin’s regime. Our research shows that Russian military spending closely mirrors revenues from its oil exports, and directly enables Putin’s military aggression.