Aviation and its impacts on the Global Atmosphere

Aviation has a number of impacts on the environment, including local air pollution (NOx, HC, toxics, etc.), climate change (CO₂, NOx, contrails, cirrus, SO2,) and noise. The impacts of aviation on climate change are mostly exempt from any regulation. In addition, aviation is largely exempt from kerosene taxation, thus contributing to inefficiencies in the transport system as a whole.